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.article-intro{padding-bottom:37px;margin-bottom:43px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-intro p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.95;color:var(--body);margin:0 0 20px;text-wrap:pretty}.article-intro p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.section-number{display:inline-block;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.78em;font-weight:400;color:#717178;margin-right:19px;letter-spacing:-.03em}.note-label{display:block;color:#baabda;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.07em;margin-bottom:7px}.table-scroll{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin:25px 0}.table-scroll table{margin:0;min-width:520px}.table-scroll:focus-visible{outline:1px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:4px}.equation{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:24px 15px;margin:29px 0;color:#d6cde8;text-align:center;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:15px;line-height:1.8;overflow-x:auto}.article-sources{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:38px}.article-sources h2{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#b0aeb8;margin:0 0 21px}.article-sources ul{padding-left:17px;margin:0}.article-sources li{font-size:11px;line-height:1.9;color:#7d7b85;padding-left:4px;margin-bottom:12px}.article-sources a{color:#aaa0bc;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-color:#4d4359}.article-sources .editor-note{border-left:2px solid #7d6ca5;padding:10px 17px;margin:24px 0 0;color:#9688ad;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.article-sources .editor-note p{margin:0}.article-sources .note-label{font-size:10px;color:#ac9bc9}
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/* Evaluation results and replaceable demo slots. */
.real-robot-evaluation,.benchmark-comparison,.preference-comparison{margin:34px 0 28px;color:var(--body)}
.rr-heading,.benchmark-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;padding-bottom:15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
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.rr-heading>div>span,.benchmark-heading>span{display:block;margin-top:5px;color:#a99bc0;font-size:11px;line-height:1.6}
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.rr-legend span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px}
.rr-legend i{display:block;width:13px;height:5px;background:#77717e}
.rr-legend-synworld i{background:var(--accent)}
.rr-legend-cosmos i{background:#9a96a1}
.rr-legend-pi i{background:#625e68}
.rr-facets{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:34px 30px}
.rr-facet{min-width:0}
.article-section .rr-facet h5{margin:0 0 8px;color:#ddd9e5;font-size:14px;font-weight:500}
.rr-plot{position:relative;height:252px;padding:32px 0 29px 33px}
.rr-grid{position:absolute;z-index:0;inset:32px 0 29px 0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;color:#77717f;font:11px var(--mono)}
.rr-grid span{position:relative;display:block;line-height:1;transform:translateY(-50%)}
.rr-grid span::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:28px;right:0;top:50%;height:1px;background:#28252d}
.rr-groups{position:relative;z-index:1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));height:100%;align-items:end}
.rr-group{height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;min-width:0;color:#85808d;font:11px var(--mono)}
.rr-bars{width:100%;height:100%;display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:center;gap:18px;border-bottom:1px solid #57515f}
.rr-bar{position:relative;display:block;width:15px;height:calc(var(--value)*1%);min-height:1px;background:#625e68}
.rr-bar::after{content:attr(data-value);position:absolute;left:50%;top:-17px;transform:translateX(-50%);color:#aaa4b2;font:10px var(--mono)}
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.real-robot-evaluation figcaption,.benchmark-comparison figcaption,.preference-comparison figcaption{margin-top:19px;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:#918a9a;font-size:11px;line-height:1.85}
.benchmark-heading>span{margin:0;text-align:right}
.benchmark-row,.preference-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:205px minmax(0,1fr) 58px;gap:14px;align-items:center;padding-top:18px;color:#b8b3c0;font-size:13px}
.benchmark-row strong{color:#d8d3df;font:12px var(--mono);font-weight:400;text-align:right}
.benchmark-track,.preference-track{height:8px;background:#25222a;overflow:hidden}
.benchmark-track i,.preference-track i{display:block;height:100%;background:#7e7885}
.benchmark-primary .benchmark-track i{background:var(--accent)}
.benchmark-primary>span,.benchmark-primary strong{color:#dfd4f5}
.benchmark-public>span{color:#99939f}
.preference-legend{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;gap:18px;margin:15px 0 2px;color:#aaa5b1;font-size:11px}
.preference-legend span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px}
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.preference-dimension{color:#c8c4ce}
.preference-stack{height:64px;display:flex;overflow:hidden;width:100%;border-radius:2px}
.preference-segment{width:var(--share);min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;line-height:1.2;gap:3px;overflow:hidden}
.preference-segment strong{font-size:16px;font-weight:650;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.preference-segment span{font-size:10px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap}
.preference-good{background:#b8a3e6;color:#241C38}
.preference-same{background:#756d83;color:#fff}
.preference-bad{background:#514b5b;color:#fff}
.preference-improvement{color:#d4c4ff;font-size:17px;font-weight:650;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.preference-caption{margin-top:20px;padding-top:13px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:#aaa3b2;font-size:12px;line-height:1.7;text-align:center}
.demo-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px;margin:27px 0 30px}
.demo-placeholder{min-height:188px;padding:22px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;border:1px solid #35313a;background:linear-gradient(145deg,#151318,#0e0d10);position:relative;overflow:hidden}
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.demo-placeholder span,.demo-placeholder strong,.demo-placeholder p{position:relative;z-index:1}
.demo-placeholder span{color:#9182ae;font:9px var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em}
.demo-placeholder strong{margin-top:10px;color:#e2dce9;font-size:16px;font-weight:500}
.article-section .demo-placeholder p{margin:8px 0 0;color:#8f8997;font-size:11px;line-height:1.7}
.demo-grid-acwm .demo-placeholder{min-height:215px}
.demo-video-card{margin:0;border:1px solid #35313a;background:#0e0d10;overflow:hidden}
.demo-video-card video{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;background:#050506;object-fit:contain}
.demo-video-card-wide video{aspect-ratio:128/45}
.demo-video-card figcaption{padding:18px 20px 20px}
.demo-video-card figcaption span{display:block;color:#a894d0;font:9px var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em}
.demo-video-card figcaption strong{display:block;margin-top:9px;color:#e2dce9;font-size:16px;font-weight:500}
.article-section .demo-video-card figcaption p{margin:7px 0 0;color:#9992a1;font-size:11px;line-height:1.75}
@media(max-width:650px){.rr-facets{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.rr-plot{height:275px;padding-top:55px}.rr-grid{top:55px}.rr-bars{gap:12px}.rr-bar{width:18px}.rr-bar::after{font-size:9px}.rr-bar-pi::after{top:-30px}.rr-bar-cosmos::after{top:-43px}.demo-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.benchmark-heading{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:4px}.benchmark-row{grid-template-columns:155px minmax(0,1fr) 53px;gap:10px}.benchmark-row>span{font-size:11px;line-height:1.45}.preference-legend{justify-content:flex-start;gap:14px}.preference-row{grid-template-columns:88px minmax(0,1fr) 72px;gap:8px}.preference-stack{height:60px}.preference-segment strong{font-size:14px}.preference-segment span{font-size:9px}.preference-improvement{font-size:15px}}
@media(max-width:420px){.rr-heading,.benchmark-heading{align-items:flex-start}.rr-heading{flex-direction:column}.rr-bar{width:14px}.benchmark-row{grid-template-columns:132px minmax(0,1fr) 47px;font-size:10px}.preference-row{grid-template-columns:75px minmax(0,1fr) 62px;gap:6px;font-size:11px}.preference-stack{height:54px}.preference-segment strong{font-size:13px}.preference-segment span{font-size:8px}.preference-improvement{font-size:14px}.demo-placeholder{min-height:165px;padding:18px}}
@media print{.real-robot-evaluation,.benchmark-comparison,.preference-comparison,.demo-grid{break-inside:avoid}.rr-grid span::after{background:#ddd}.rr-bars{border-color:#aaa}.rr-bar-synworld,.benchmark-primary .benchmark-track i,.preference-track i{background:#6d548a}.rr-bar-cosmos{background:#888}.rr-bar-pi{background:#bbb}.benchmark-track,.preference-track{background:#eee}.demo-placeholder,.demo-video-card{background:#fafafa;border-color:#bbb}.demo-placeholder strong,.demo-video-card figcaption strong{color:#222}.article-section .demo-placeholder p,.article-section .demo-video-card figcaption p{color:#555}}

/* MathJax follows the same inline and block rhythm as the surrounding prose. */
.math-inline{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:baseline}
.math-inline mjx-container{display:inline-block!important;margin:0!important;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:-.08em}
.equation{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:safe center;border:0;padding:0;margin:0 0 20px;line-height:1.95;overflow-x:auto}
.equation mjx-container[display="true"]{display:block!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;text-align:center}
/* One continuous scene: experience, signal streams and an expanding model. */
.scaling-figure{margin:36px 0 34px;padding:0;scroll-margin-top:110px;color:#90909e}
.scaling-scene{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}
.scaling-scene .sc-accent{color:var(--accent)}
.sc-boundary{stroke:currentColor;stroke-dasharray:2 5;stroke-width:.8;opacity:.7}
.sc-sample{fill:currentColor;stroke:none}
.sc-new-cloud .sc-boundary{stroke-width:1;opacity:.95;fill:currentColor;fill-opacity:.035}
.sc-stream{stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:.9}
.sc-stream-2{stroke-dasharray:2 5}
.sc-packet{fill:currentColor;stroke:none}
.sc-example{stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.3}
.sc-example .sc-example-backing{fill:var(--bg);stroke:none}
.sc-example .sc-visual-frame{stroke:#a9a9b5;fill:var(--bg)}
.sc-example .sc-example-ground{stroke:#4f4f5b;stroke-width:.8}
.sc-example .sc-object{fill:#474751;stroke:#c0c0cd}
.sc-example circle{fill:currentColor;stroke:var(--bg);stroke-width:1}
.sc-example .sc-touch-surface{fill:#0f0d14;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1}
.sc-example .sc-touch-cell{fill:currentColor;stroke:none}
.sc-example text{font:11.5px var(--font);fill:#b8b8c5;stroke:none}
.sc-model-edge{stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:.8;stroke-opacity:.68}
.sc-model-node{fill:#8d8d9e;stroke:#b6b6c5;stroke-width:.7}
.sc-model-node.sc-accent{fill:var(--accent);stroke:var(--accent)}
.sc-annotation path{stroke:#b5b5c0;stroke-width:.7}
.sc-annotation text{font-family:var(--font);stroke:none}
.sc-annotation .sc-label{font-size:14px;fill:#e2e2e9;font-weight:450}
.sc-annotation .sc-sublabel{font-size:10.5px;fill:#9696a2}
@media(max-width:600px){.sc-annotation .sc-label{font-size:15px}.sc-annotation .sc-sublabel{font-size:11px}.sc-example text{font-size:12px}}
@media print{.scaling-figure{break-inside:avoid;color:#555}.sc-annotation .sc-label{fill:#222}.sc-annotation .sc-sublabel{fill:#555}.sc-addition{opacity:1!important}.sc-model-node{fill:#777}.sc-example .sc-example-backing,.sc-example .sc-visual-frame{fill:#fff}.sc-example text{fill:#555}}

/* Human experience and dexterous execution share a continuous feedback path. */
.embodiment-figure{margin:40px 0 0;scroll-margin-top:125px}
.embodiment-scene{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;fill:none;stroke:#91919f;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;overflow:visible}
.embodiment-scene text{stroke:none;font-family:var(--font)}
.hb-label{fill:#e2e2e9;font-size:18px;font-weight:450}
.hb-source-label{fill:#c9c9d3;font-size:14px}
.hb-sub{fill:#a6a4b3;font-size:13px}
.hb-route{stroke:#92909f;stroke-width:1}
.hb-future{stroke:#b9a5e8;stroke-dasharray:5 5;stroke-width:1.1}
#hb-arrow path{stroke:#b5a9cc;stroke-width:1.4;fill:none}
.hb-signal{fill:#dedce7;stroke:none}
.hb-signal-glow{fill:#c4b4fb;opacity:.6;stroke:none}
.embodiment-scene text.hb-accent,.hb-signal.hb-accent{fill:var(--accent);stroke:none}
.hb-trajectory{stroke:#c4b4fb;stroke-width:.9;stroke-dasharray:2 5}
.hb-frame-back{stroke:#5e5a68;stroke-dasharray:3 3;stroke-width:.8}
.hb-frame-front{stroke:#8f899d;fill:#080808;stroke-width:.8}
.hb-frame-image{opacity:.52}
.hb-frame-label{fill:#8d8898;font-size:8px}
.hb-contact circle{fill:#c4b4fb;fill-opacity:.12;stroke:#c4b4fb;stroke-width:.7}
.hb-contact{animation:hb-contact-pulse 4s ease-in-out infinite;animation-play-state:paused}
.hb-model-layer path{fill:#1b1822;stroke:#b7abcf;stroke-width:1}
.hb-model-layer circle{fill:#cbb9f6;stroke:none}
.hb-model-layer{animation:hb-model-pulse 6s ease-in-out infinite;animation-delay:calc(var(--layer)*-.6s);animation-play-state:paused}
.is-animating .hb-contact,.is-animating .hb-model-layer{animation-play-state:running}
.embodiment-figure figcaption{margin:8px 0 0;color:#92909d;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}
@keyframes hb-contact-pulse{0%,100%{opacity:.15}50%{opacity:.7}}
@keyframes hb-model-pulse{0%,100%{opacity:.76}50%{opacity:1}}
@media(max-width:600px){.embodiment-figure{margin-top:32px}.hb-label{font-size:18px}.hb-source-label{font-size:15px}.hb-sub{font-size:13.5px}.embodiment-figure figcaption{font-size:11.5px;margin-top:14px}}
@media print{.embodiment-figure{break-inside:avoid}.hb-label{fill:#222}.hb-sub,.hb-source-label{fill:#555}.hb-model-layer path{fill:#f7f5fa}.hb-signal,.hb-signal-glow{display:none}.hb-contact,.hb-model-layer{opacity:1}.embodiment-figure figcaption{color:#555}}

/* Radial data hierarchy: inner and outer arcs share a global angular scale. */
.data-coverage-figure{container-type:inline-size;margin:38px 0 30px;padding:26px 20px 20px;border:1px solid #292630;background:#0b0b0e;scroll-margin-top:125px;--dc-selected-color:#d8d0ee}
.dc-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;padding:0 6px}
.dc-eyebrow{display:block;font:9px var(--mono);letter-spacing:.18em;color:#888093;margin-bottom:9px}
.article-section .dc-header h4{font-size:19px;font-weight:450;letter-spacing:.02em;margin:0;color:#eeeaf5}
.dc-ring-key{display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:center;padding:17px 6px 0;color:#9e96aa;font-size:10px}
.dc-ring-key span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px}
.dc-ring-key span:last-child{margin-left:auto;color:#777080}
.dc-ring-key i{width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid #b8a9d0}
.dc-ring-key span:nth-child(2) i{border-width:1px;border-color:#827391}
.dc-cosmos{position:relative;margin:0 -8px}
.dc-radial{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible;font-family:var(--font)}
.dc-guides{fill:none;stroke:#37313f;stroke-width:.7;pointer-events:none}
.dc-guides circle{stroke-opacity:.5}
.dc-major-tick{stroke:#6d607e;stroke-width:1}
.dc-minor-tick{stroke:#493e56;stroke-width:.7}
.dc-branch{color:var(--branch-color);transition:opacity .25s}
.has-selection .dc-branch{opacity:.19}
.has-selection .dc-branch.is-selected,.has-selection .dc-branch:focus-within{opacity:1}
.dc-primary-arc{fill:var(--branch-color);fill-opacity:.77;stroke:var(--branch-color);stroke-width:.8;cursor:pointer;transition:fill-opacity .2s,filter .2s}
.dc-primary-arc:hover,.dc-primary-arc[aria-pressed="true"]{fill-opacity:1;filter:drop-shadow(0 0 9px color-mix(in srgb,var(--branch-color) 40%,transparent))}
.dc-primary-arc:focus-visible{outline:none;stroke:white;stroke-width:2.5}
.dc-primary-share{font:600 13px var(--mono);fill:#17121e;pointer-events:none}
.dc-primary-label{font-size:12px;fill:var(--branch-color);paint-order:stroke;stroke:#0b0b0e;stroke-width:5px;stroke-linejoin:round;pointer-events:none}
.dc-spoke{fill:none;stroke:var(--branch-color);stroke-width:.8;stroke-opacity:.2;pointer-events:none}
.dc-signal{fill:none;stroke:var(--branch-color);stroke-width:1.5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:7 93;stroke-dashoffset:100;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;animation:dc-outward 3.5s linear infinite;animation-delay:var(--signal-delay);animation-play-state:paused}
.is-animating .dc-signal{opacity:.7;animation-play-state:running}
.dc-secondary-arc{fill:var(--branch-color);fill-opacity:.32;stroke:var(--branch-color);stroke-width:.7;stroke-opacity:.7;transition:fill-opacity .2s,filter .2s}
.dc-leaf{cursor:pointer}
.dc-leaf:hover .dc-secondary-arc,.dc-leaf:focus-visible .dc-secondary-arc,.dc-leaf[aria-pressed="true"] .dc-secondary-arc{fill-opacity:.9;filter:drop-shadow(0 0 6px var(--branch-color))}
.dc-leaf:focus-visible{outline:none}
.dc-leaf:focus-visible .dc-leaf-hit{stroke:#fff;stroke-width:1}
.dc-leader{fill:none;stroke:var(--branch-color);stroke-width:.8;stroke-opacity:.35;pointer-events:none;transition:stroke-opacity .2s}
.dc-leaf:hover .dc-leader,.dc-leaf[aria-pressed="true"] .dc-leader{stroke-opacity:1}
.dc-leaf-dot{fill:var(--branch-color)}
.dc-leaf-hit{fill:transparent}
.dc-leaf-name{fill:#d8d1e1;font-size:13px}
.dc-leaf-value{fill:var(--branch-color);font:11px var(--mono);opacity:.8}
.dc-center{pointer-events:none}
.dc-center-kicker{fill:#92849f;font:11px var(--mono);letter-spacing:1px}
.dc-center-value{fill:var(--dc-selected-color);font:400 47px var(--mono);letter-spacing:-2px}
.dc-center-value tspan{font-size:20px;letter-spacing:0}
.dc-center-label{fill:#aaa0b9;font-size:12px}
.dc-controls{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px;padding:0 6px}
.dc-category{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;min-height:44px;text-align:left;padding:10px 9px;border:1px solid #2c2733;border-radius:3px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;color:#a49bae;transition:background .2s,border-color .2s}
.dc-category:hover,.dc-category[aria-pressed="true"]{border-color:var(--category-color);background:#19141f;color:#eee6f5}
.dc-category i{width:5px;height:5px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--category-color);flex-shrink:0}
.dc-category strong{margin-left:auto;font:11px var(--mono);color:var(--category-color);font-weight:400}
.dc-readout{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;padding:20px 6px 0;min-height:65px}
.dc-readout[hidden]{display:none}
.dc-readout>div{display:flex;align-items:baseline;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:5px 13px}
.dc-detail-name{font-size:12px;color:var(--dc-selected-color)}
.dc-detail-description{font-size:10px;line-height:1.9;color:#958a9f}
.dc-reset{flex-shrink:0;padding:7px 0;font-size:10px;color:#c9bbdb}
.dc-reset[hidden]{display:none}
.dc-caption{margin:18px 6px 0;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid #292630;font-size:10px;line-height:1.9;color:#857b90}
.dc-mobile-details{display:none}
.dc-announcement{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
@keyframes dc-outward{from{stroke-dashoffset:100}to{stroke-dashoffset:0}}
@container(width < 620px){
  .dc-cosmos{margin:2px -12px 6px}
  .dc-primary-label{font-size:16px;stroke-width:4px}
  .dc-primary-share{font-size:18px}
  .dc-center-value{font-size:37px}
  .dc-center-value tspan{font-size:16px}
  .dc-center-kicker{font-size:15px}
  .dc-center-label{font-size:17px}
  .dc-controls{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:7px;padding:0}
  .dc-category{min-height:46px;font-size:12px;padding:11px 10px}
  .dc-category strong{font-size:12px}
  .dc-ring-key{gap:13px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:15px 0 0;font-size:10px}
  .dc-ring-key span:last-child{margin-left:0;width:100%;font-size:9px}
  .dc-readout{padding:18px 0 0;align-items:flex-start}
  .dc-readout>div{display:block}
  .dc-detail-name,.dc-detail-description{display:block}
  .dc-detail-description{margin-top:5px}
  .dc-mobile-details:not([hidden]){display:grid;gap:0;margin-top:14px;border-top:1px solid #2d2635}
  .dc-mobile-leaf{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;min-height:51px;padding:8px 5px;border-bottom:1px solid #241e2b;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#b9aec7}
  .dc-mobile-leaf>span:last-child{text-align:right;font:11px var(--mono);color:var(--dc-selected-color)}
  .dc-mobile-leaf small{display:block;font:9px var(--font);margin-top:4px;color:#908299}
  .dc-mobile-leaf[aria-pressed="true"]{background:#19131f;color:#f3ebfb}
  .dc-caption{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}
}
@media(max-width:600px){.data-coverage-figure{padding:22px 17px 19px}.dc-header{padding:0;align-items:flex-start}.article-section .dc-header h4{font-size:16px}.dc-eyebrow{font-size:8px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.dc-signal{display:none}.dc-branch,.dc-primary-arc,.dc-secondary-arc,.dc-category,.dc-leader{transition:none}}
@media print{.data-coverage-figure{break-inside:avoid;background:#fff;print-color-adjust:exact;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact}.dc-branch,.has-selection .dc-branch{opacity:1}.dc-signal,.dc-reset{display:none}.dc-leaf-name,.dc-center-label,.dc-center-value,.dc-center-kicker{fill:#333}.dc-primary-label{stroke:#fff;fill:#333}.dc-header h4,.article-section .dc-header h4,.dc-detail-name,.dc-category{color:#333}.dc-caption,.dc-detail-description{color:#555}}
/* Chapter 06: hand, data, and model form a directional development loop. */
.closing-loop{container:closing-loop / inline-size;margin:39px 0 42px;padding:24px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #302b39;scroll-margin-top:115px}
.cl-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;margin-bottom:24px}.cl-eyebrow{display:block;font:9px var(--mono);letter-spacing:.16em;color:#9b8caf;margin-bottom:9px}.article-section .cl-heading h4{font-size:18px;font-weight:450;line-height:1.5;margin:0;color:#e8e0f1}.cl-motion{font-size:10px;line-height:1.6;padding:10px 0 10px 12px;color:#95849f}.cl-motion span{margin-left:6px}.cl-motion:hover{color:#d7c2ee}.cl-motion:disabled{opacity:.6}
.cl-scene{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible;font-family:var(--font)}
.cl-brand{font-size:25px;font-weight:400;fill:#e8e3ef;letter-spacing:.01em}.cl-subtitle{font-size:16px;fill:#c5bdce}.cl-description{font-size:12px;fill:#978aA6}.cl-hand{mix-blend-mode:normal}.cl-data-kit{mix-blend-mode:screen}
.cl-platform{fill:none;stroke:#62566f;stroke-width:.7}.cl-platform>path{stroke:#a18ab9;stroke-width:1.2}.cl-platform .cl-platform-inner{stroke:#3b3442;stroke-width:.55;stroke-dasharray:2 6}
.cl-route{fill:none;stroke:#857394;stroke-width:1.1}.cl-scene marker path{fill:none;stroke:#c9b4df;stroke-width:1.2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.cl-route-label{font-size:15px;fill:#c8b6dc;paint-order:stroke;stroke:#080808;stroke-width:9px;stroke-linejoin:round}.cl-flow{fill:none;stroke:#e1c9ff;stroke-width:2.2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:2 48;opacity:.85;animation:cl-circulate 9s linear infinite;animation-delay:var(--cl-delay);animation-play-state:paused}.is-animating .cl-flow{animation-play-state:running}
.cl-center-label{font-size:19px;letter-spacing:.18em;fill:#d3c3e3}.cl-center-sub{font-size:11px;fill:#82718f;letter-spacing:.06em}
.cl-cube path{stroke:#9784ad;stroke-width:.75;stroke-linejoin:round}.cl-cube-left{fill:#19151f}.cl-cube-right{fill:#0e0c13}.cl-cube-top{fill:#26202f}.cl-core-cube .cl-cube-top{fill:#4c3e61;stroke:#d5bee9;stroke-width:1.1}.cl-core-cube .cl-cube-left{fill:#30253e;stroke:#bca1d8}.cl-core-cube .cl-cube-right{fill:#211a2d;stroke:#bca1d8}.cl-core>circle{fill:#e4c9ff;filter:drop-shadow(0 0 7px #bc8cea)}.cl-model-links{fill:none;stroke:#8e78a5;stroke-width:.6;stroke-dasharray:3 5;opacity:.7}.cl-model-signal{fill:none;stroke:#6f5e82;stroke-width:.8}.cl-model-terminal{fill:#a08ab6}
.cl-route-group,[data-cl-node]{transition:opacity .25s}.has-selection .cl-route-group:not(.is-active){opacity:.2}.has-selection [data-cl-node]:not(.is-active){opacity:.42}.cl-route-group.is-active .cl-route{stroke:#d2b6f0;stroke-width:1.6}.cl-route-group.is-active .cl-route-label{fill:#f2dfff}
.cl-controls{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px;margin-top:27px;border-top:1px solid #332c3d;border-bottom:1px solid #332c3d}.cl-controls button{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:16px 6px;min-height:50px;font-size:12px;text-align:left;color:#b2a1c3;transition:color .2s,background .2s}.cl-controls button>span{font:9px var(--mono);color:#7e6b90}.cl-controls button>i{margin-left:auto;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;color:#776282}.cl-controls button:hover,.cl-controls button[aria-pressed="true"]{color:#eddbff;background:#21182c}.cl-controls button[aria-pressed="true"]>span{color:#d4b8f1}.cl-controls button:focus-visible{outline-offset:-2px}

@keyframes cl-circulate{from{stroke-dashoffset:0}to{stroke-dashoffset:-100}}
@container closing-loop (width < 620px){.cl-heading{margin-bottom:18px}.article-section .cl-heading h4{font-size:17px}.cl-eyebrow{font-size:8px}.cl-brand{font-size:25px}.cl-subtitle{font-size:16px}.cl-description{font-size:13px}.cl-route-label{font-size:16px}.cl-scene{max-width:450px;margin:0 auto}.cl-controls{gap:5px;margin-top:21px}.cl-controls button{gap:7px;font-size:11px;padding:14px 5px}.cl-controls button>i{display:none}.cl-controls button>span{font-size:8px}}
@container closing-loop (width < 360px){.cl-brand{font-size:27px}.cl-subtitle{font-size:18px}.cl-description{font-size:15px}.cl-route-label{font-size:18px}}
@media(max-width:500px){.closing-loop{margin-top:30px}.cl-motion{font-size:9px}.cl-controls button{font-size:10px;gap:5px}.cl-route-label{stroke-width:7px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cl-flow{display:none}.cl-route-group,[data-cl-node],.cl-controls button{transition:none}}
@media print{.cl-motion,.cl-controls{display:none}.cl-flow{display:none}.cl-brand,.cl-subtitle,.cl-description,.cl-center-label,.cl-center-sub,.cl-route-label{fill:#333}.cl-route-label{stroke:#fff}.cl-hand,.cl-data-kit{mix-blend-mode:normal}.cl-platform{stroke:#888}.cl-route-group,[data-cl-node],.has-selection .cl-route-group:not(.is-active),.has-selection [data-cl-node]:not(.is-active){opacity:1}.closing-loop{break-inside:avoid}}

.preparation-figure{margin:40px 0 44px;scroll-margin-top:125px}
.preparation-scene{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;fill:none;font-family:var(--font);overflow:visible}
.preparation-scene text{stroke:none}
.pp-heading{font-size:17px;fill:#e2e2e9;font-weight:450}
.pp-label{font-size:17px;fill:#dcd8e6;font-weight:450}
.pp-small{font-size:13px;fill:#b0abbc}
.pp-muted{font-size:11.5px;fill:#95929f}
.pp-resource{font:11px var(--mono);fill:#807b8b}
.pp-resource-name{font:13px var(--mono);fill:#c0b9cc}
.pp-plan-title{font-size:17px;fill:#b3a5d0}
.pp-planned{stroke:#5c516e;stroke-width:.8;stroke-dasharray:4 5;fill:none}
.pp-divider{stroke:#29262f;stroke-width:.7}
.pp-line,.pp-resource-line{stroke:#655d76;stroke-width:.8;fill:none;stroke-opacity:.75}
.pp-resource-line{stroke:#524b60}
.pp-endpoint{fill:var(--bg);stroke:#9d8abf;stroke-width:.8}
.pp-icon-back{stroke:#66606f;stroke-width:1.1;stroke-linejoin:round;fill:none}
.pp-icon-front{stroke:#b5a7cf;stroke-width:1.1;fill:var(--bg)}
.pp-icon-detail{stroke:#c4b4fb;stroke-width:1.1;fill:none;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}
.pp-icon-dot{fill:var(--accent)}
.pp-token{fill:#282430;stroke:#776a8a;stroke-width:.7}
.pp-token-accent{fill:#a18bc4;stroke:#b8a2db}
.pp-compute{fill:#17141d;stroke:#6e627f;stroke-width:.8}
.pp-flow{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:1.9;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:4 116;stroke-dashoffset:120;animation:pp-travel 7s linear infinite;animation-delay:var(--delay);animation-play-state:paused;opacity:0}
.pp-resource-flow{stroke-width:1.5;animation-duration:9s}
.preparation-figure.is-animating .pp-flow{animation-play-state:running;opacity:.85}
@keyframes pp-travel{from{stroke-dashoffset:120}to{stroke-dashoffset:0}}
.preparation-figure figcaption{font-size:12px;line-height:1.9;color:#92909d;margin-top:13px}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.pp-flow{display:none}}
@media print{.preparation-figure{break-inside:avoid}.pp-flow{display:none}.pp-heading,.pp-label{fill:#222}.pp-muted,.pp-small,.pp-resource,.pp-resource-name{fill:#555}}
.source-figure{margin:30px 0;scroll-margin-top:125px}
.source-figure>a{display:block}
.source-figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%}
.source-figure figcaption{margin-top:10px;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;line-height:1.8}
.source-figure .source-links{white-space:nowrap}
.source-figure a:focus-visible{outline:1px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:4px}
@media(max-width:600px){.source-figure{margin:24px 0}.source-figure figcaption{font-size:11px}}
@media print{.source-figure{break-inside:avoid}.source-figure figcaption{font-size:8pt}.source-figure .source-links{display:none}}

/* Figure labels sit below the article heading hierarchy, beside their controls. */
.article-section :is(.di-figure,.da-figure,.ti-figure,.ta-figure,.te-figure){margin-top:28px}
.article-section .diagram-toolbar{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 24px;margin:0 0 22px;padding:14px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-family:var(--font)}
.article-section .diagram-meta{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:12px;flex:1 1 260px;min-width:0}
.article-section .diagram-number{flex:none;color:#81788f;font:10px/1.7 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.02em;white-space:nowrap}
.article-section .diagram-label{min-width:0;color:#aaa4b2;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0}
.article-section .diagram-toolbar .diagram-tools{flex:0 1 auto;display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0}
.article-section .diagram-toolbar+:is(.di-features,.ta-features){margin:-7px 0 20px}
@media(max-width:620px){.article-section .diagram-toolbar{align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;margin-bottom:20px;padding-top:12px}.article-section .diagram-meta{flex-basis:100%;gap:10px}.article-section .diagram-label{font-size:12px;line-height:1.7}.article-section .diagram-number{font-size:10px}.article-section .diagram-toolbar .diagram-tools{flex-basis:100%}}
@media print{.article-section .diagram-toolbar{border-color:#ccc}.article-section .diagram-number{color:#666}.article-section .diagram-label{color:#555}.article-section .diagram-toolbar .diagram-tools{display:none}}

/* Final static publication: reading chrome and touch layouts. */
.published{--header-h:0px}
.published .reading-progress{top:0}
.published .toc{top:28px}
.published .hero{padding-top:48px;padding-bottom:38px}
.published .hero-top{min-height:240px}
.published .article-section{scroll-margin-top:28px}
.published :is(.figure,.source-figure,.closing-loop,.preparation-figure){scroll-margin-top:28px}
.published .hero-orbit{max-width:45%;margin-right:0}
.published :is(video,img){max-width:100%}
.published .table-scroll:focus-visible,.published video:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:4px}
.published .toc>a{color:#a9a9af}
.published .toc>a>span,.published .toc-label{color:#97979f}
.published .site-footer{color:#a0a0aa}
.published mjx-container[display="true"]{margin:0!important;min-width:max-content}
.published .math-inline mjx-container{display:inline-block;max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle}
.published .equation{font-family:var(--font);scrollbar-width:thin;overscroll-behavior-x:contain}
@media(max-width:800px){
  .published .hero{padding:32px 24px}
  .published .hero-top{min-height:190px;align-items:center}
  .published .hero-orbit{top:0;right:0;width:220px;max-width:55%;opacity:.32}
  .published .hero-copy{min-width:0}
  .published .toc-column{top:0;scrollbar-width:thin;overscroll-behavior-x:contain}
  .published .toc{gap:20px}
  .published .toc>a{font-size:12px;min-height:48px;align-items:center;max-width:220px;white-space:normal}
  .published .toc>a>span{font-size:10px}
  .published .article-section{scroll-margin-top:92px}
  .published .article-section h2{font-size:25px}
  .published :is(button,[role="button"]){touch-action:manipulation}
  .published :is(.diagram-tools,.ta-control-group,.cl-controls,.dc-controls) button{min-height:44px}
  .published .site-footer{flex-wrap:wrap;row-gap:20px}
}
@media(max-width:500px){
  .published .hero{padding:28px 20px}
  .published .hero-top{min-height:148px}
  .published h1{font-size:clamp(29px,8.8vw,39px);white-space:normal;margin:0}
  .published .hero-orbit{width:176px;max-width:54%;top:-10px;right:-3px}
  .published .article-intro p,.published .article-section p,.published .article-section :is(ul,ol){font-size:16px;line-height:1.9}
  .published .article-section h2{font-size:23px;line-height:1.55}
  .published .article-section h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.6}
  .published .equation{font-size:14px;padding:20px 12px;text-align:left}
  .published .table-scroll table{font-size:13px}
  .published .table-scroll{overscroll-behavior-x:contain;scrollbar-width:thin}
  .published .toc>a{max-width:176px;min-height:58px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5}
  .published .benchmark-row{grid-template-columns:112px minmax(0,1fr) 48px;gap:8px}
  .published .preference-row{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:8px;margin-top:20px}
  .published .preference-dimension{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;font-size:13px}
  .published .preference-improvement{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;font-size:15px}
  .published .preference-stack{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:2;height:58px}
  .published .preference-segment span{font-size:11px}
  .published .demo-video-card figcaption{padding:15px}
  .published .article-section .demo-video-card figcaption p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.8}
  .published .demo-video-card figcaption>span{font-size:10px}
  .published .site-footer{padding:26px 20px}
  .published .site-footer p{flex-basis:100%;order:3;font-size:12px}
  .published .back-top{min-height:44px;align-items:center}
}
.published .demo-video-card video{height:auto}
.published :is(.section-number,.rr-grid,.dc-ring-key>span:last-child,.cl-controls button>span){color:#a29aac}
.published .preference-segment.preference-good strong{color:#171021}
.published .preference-segment.preference-same strong{color:#fff}
.published .equation:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px}

.article-section strong.training-efficiency{color:var(--accent);font-weight:650;white-space:nowrap}
@media print{.article-section strong.training-efficiency{color:#654678}}